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Cooling Methods for Large Forgings
Release time:
2024-11-27
The cooling methods for large forgings mainly include the following: water cooling (including spray cooling), oil cooling, air cooling (natural air cooling and forced air cooling), gap cooling (water-air, water-oil, oil-air), and spray cooling. The commonly used quenching media for large forgings are water, oil, and air.
The cooling methods for large forgings mainly include the following: water cooling (including spray cooling), oil cooling, air cooling (natural air cooling and forced air cooling), gap cooling (water-air, water-oil, oil-air), and spray cooling. Common quenching media for large forgings are water, oil, and air.
Water cooling: Due to the strong cooling capacity of water, there is a significant difference in the cooling rate between the surface and the center of the forging, resulting in a large temperature gradient across the cross-section of the forging. For example, the cross-section of general carbon steel and low-alloy steel should not exceed 200mm, and some factories specify that it should not exceed 300 or 400mm to use water cooling.
Oil cooling: A widely used method, the cooling capacity of oil is less than that of water.
Air cooling: Although air cooling is relatively safe, to achieve the required mechanical properties, it often requires improving the hardenability of the steel, which necessitates the use of alloy steels with more alloying elements, significantly increasing costs.
Gap cooling: The cooling capacities of water cooling, oil cooling, and air cooling are limited within certain ranges, and thus cannot fully meet the cooling requirements for large forgings of various diameters and different steel grades. Combining several cooling methods is an effective solution to this problem. 1. Water-air gap cooling: Complex operation, difficult to control; 2. Water-oil gap cooling: This cooling method is widely used for smaller forgings made of medium carbon steel and medium carbon alloy steel; 3. Oil-air gap cooling: This can be used for some important large alloy steel forgings. The initial oil cooling time must be guaranteed. Spray cooling: Spray cooling utilizes compressed air blown onto a water column at a certain angle, changing the direction of the water and turning it into a mist. Then, the atomized water and air are used to cool slowly rotating shaft-like parts. Water pressure and air pressure can be adjusted as needed. Some factories also set up water spray cooling devices on the spray cooling apparatus, allowing the cooling speed of large forgings to be adjusted within a wide range from water cooling to natural air cooling.
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