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The production process of austenitic stainless steel forgings.
Release time:
2024-11-27
The production process of austenitic stainless steel forgings has good performance, especially for chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel forgings. Using conventional methods for producing special steel, it is possible to smoothly produce various commonly used specifications of plates, pipes, strips, wires, bars, as well as forgings and castings.
The production process performance of austenitic stainless steel forgings is good, especially for chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel forgings. Various commonly used specifications of plates, pipes, strips, wires, bars, as well as forgings and castings can be smoothly produced using conventional methods for producing special steel. Due to the high content of alloying elements (especially chromium) and low carbon content, this type of stainless steel is often produced in large quantities using electric arc furnace with argon-oxygen decarburization (AOD) or vacuum decarburization (VOD) methods. For small batch products of high-grade alloys, vacuum or non-vacuum non-induction furnace smelting can be used, and electric slag remelting can be added if necessary. The excellent thermoplasticity of chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel makes it easy to undergo thermal processing such as forging, rolling, hot piercing, and extrusion. The heating temperature for steel ingots is 1150 to 1260°C, and the deformation temperature range is generally 900 to 1150°C. Steel grades containing copper, nitrogen, and stabilized with titanium or niobium tend to be processed at lower temperatures, while high chromium and molybdenum grades tend to be processed at higher temperatures. Due to poor thermal conductivity, the insulation time should be longer. After thermal processing, the workpiece can be air-cooled.
Chromium-manganese austenitic stainless steel is more sensitive to hot cracking. When opening the ingot, small deformations and multiple passes are required, and the forgings should be cooled in stacks. Cold processing techniques such as cold rolling, cold drawing, and spinning, as well as forming operations like stamping, bending, edging, and folding can be performed. The work hardening tendency of chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel is weaker than that of chromium-manganese steel. After one annealing, the cold-formed austenitic stainless steel can achieve a shape retention of 70% to 90%. However, due to the high deformation resistance of chromium-manganese austenitic stainless steel and its strong work hardening tendency, the number of intermediate softening annealing should be increased. Generally, the intermediate softening annealing treatment is done at 1050 to 1100°C with water cooling. Austenitic stainless steel can also be used to produce castings. To improve the fluidity of the molten steel and enhance casting performance, the alloy composition of the casting steel should be adjusted: increase the silicon content, widen the range of chromium and nickel content, and raise the upper limit of impurity element sulfur content. Austenitic stainless steel should undergo solution treatment before use to maximize the solubility of carbides and other precipitates into the austenitic matrix, while also homogenizing the structure and eliminating stress, thus ensuring excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
The correct solution treatment system is heating at 1050 to 1150°C followed by water cooling (thin and small parts can also be air-cooled). The solution treatment temperature depends on the degree of alloying of the steel: molybdenum-free or low-molybdenum steel grades should be lower (≤1100°C), while higher alloy grades such as 00Cr20Ni18Mo-6CuN and 00Cr25Ni22Mo2N should be higher (1080 to 1150°C). Advanced technologies are widely used in production, such as an external refining rate of over 95%, continuous casting ratio exceeding 80%, and the widespread promotion of high-speed rolling mills and precision, fast forging machines. Especially in the smelting and processing stages, the implementation of computer control ensures the reliability and stability of product quality and performance.
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